This article is designed for pharmacy students preparing for the Nepal Pharmacy Council licensing examination. It covers important topics from antimicrobial pharmacology, tuberculosis treatment, pharmaceutical jurisprudence, pharmacy history in Nepal, dosage forms, and pharmaceutics.
Each question includes the correct answer and a short explanation to help students understand the concept instead of simply memorizing the answer.
For the previous set of questions, you can read our Nepal Pharmacy Council Past Questions with Answers and Explanations – Part 1:
Nepal Pharmacy Council Past Questions – Part 1
Antimicrobial Pharmacology
101. All of the following are penicillinase-resistant penicillins EXCEPT:
Answer: C. Ampicillin
Explanation: Cloxacillin, flucloxacillin, and dicloxacillin are penicillinase-resistant penicillins. Ampicillin is an aminopenicillin and is susceptible to many beta-lactamases.
102. What is the first-line emergency treatment for anaphylaxis caused by penicillin?
Answer: A. Adrenaline
Explanation: Intramuscular adrenaline is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. Other medicines may be used as supportive treatment but should not replace adrenaline.
103. What is a common adverse effect of ampicillin?
Answer: A. Diarrhea
Explanation: Ampicillin can disturb normal intestinal flora and may cause gastrointestinal effects such as diarrhea.
104. Which substance can inhibit beta-lactamase enzymes?
Answer: D. Clavulanic acid
Explanation: Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Other important inhibitors include sulbactam and tazobactam.
105. Beta-lactamase inhibitors primarily target:
Answer: A. Beta-lactamase enzymes
Explanation: These medicines protect susceptible beta-lactam antibiotics from enzymatic destruction.
106. Penicillin primarily inhibits:
Answer: C. Bacterial cell-wall synthesis
Explanation: Penicillins bind to penicillin-binding proteins and interfere with bacterial cell-wall synthesis.
107. Which is a third-generation oral cephalosporin?
Answer: B. Cefixime
Explanation: Cefixime is commonly classified as an oral third-generation cephalosporin.
108. Which dosage form is generally suitable for infants when clinically indicated and prescribed appropriately?
Answer: D. Cephalexin oral drops
Explanation: Cephalexin pediatric formulations may be prescribed for infants when appropriate. Drug selection should always depend on age, indication, dose, and current treatment guidelines.
109. Which medicine formulation has historically been restricted or unsuitable for young children because of tetracycline-related risks?
Answer: C. Tetracycline liquid
Explanation: Tetracyclines can affect developing teeth and bones and are generally avoided in young children except in specific situations where benefits outweigh risks.
110. Tetracycline primarily acts by:
Answer: A. Inhibiting protein synthesis at the 30S ribosomal subunit
Explanation: Tetracyclines inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit.
111. All of the following may occur with tetracycline therapy EXCEPT:
Answer: B. Ototoxicity
Explanation: Photosensitivity and tooth discoloration are well-known effects of tetracyclines. Ototoxicity is more commonly associated with aminoglycosides.
112. Tetracycline is generally described as having which color?
Answer: C. Yellow
Explanation: Tetracycline compounds are commonly described as yellow crystalline substances.
113. Which antibiotic may be used for cholera treatment when antimicrobial therapy is indicated?
Answer: C. Doxycycline
Explanation: Doxycycline is one option used for cholera in appropriate cases. Current antibiotic selection depends on local resistance patterns and guidelines.
114. Which antibiotic may be used in the management of moderate to severe acne?
Answer: B. Doxycycline
Explanation: Oral doxycycline is commonly used for selected patients with moderate to severe inflammatory acne, usually for a limited duration.
115. All of the following are associated with chloramphenicol EXCEPT:
Answer: A. Bone deformation
Explanation: Chloramphenicol can cause bone marrow suppression and rare aplastic anemia. Gray baby syndrome may occur in neonates because of immature drug metabolism.
116. Gray baby syndrome is associated with:
Answer: B. Chloramphenicol
Explanation: Neonates have limited ability to metabolize chloramphenicol, which may result in serious toxicity.
117. Which aminoglycoside may be administered orally for local gastrointestinal effects?
Answer: B. Neomycin
Explanation: Neomycin is poorly absorbed orally and may be used for local action in the gastrointestinal tract in selected situations.
118. Which aminoglycoside has historically been included in first-line anti-tuberculosis treatment?
Answer: C. Streptomycin
Explanation: Streptomycin was historically included among first-line anti-tuberculosis medicines. Current TB treatment recommendations should always be checked because guidelines change.
119. Which drug group is well known for nephrotoxicity?
Answer: B. Aminoglycosides
Explanation: Aminoglycosides can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, particularly with high exposure or prolonged treatment.
120. Which macrolide has been included in some Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens?
Answer: B. Clarithromycin
Explanation: Clarithromycin has historically been included in H. pylori eradication therapy, although resistance patterns influence current treatment recommendations.
121. Macrolide antibiotics contain a characteristic:
Answer: C. Large macrocyclic lactone ring
Explanation: Macrolides are characterized by a large macrocyclic lactone ring.
122. Which medicine is commonly used for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection in appropriate patients?
Answer: B. Nitrofurantoin
Explanation: Nitrofurantoin is commonly used for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections when appropriate. Choice depends on renal function, organism susceptibility, and guidelines.
123. Fanconi syndrome has historically been associated with:
Answer: B. Degraded outdated tetracycline
Explanation: Older degraded tetracycline preparations have historically been associated with Fanconi-like renal tubular dysfunction.
124. Which medicine belongs to the oxazolidinone class?
Answer: C. Linezolid
Explanation: Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antibiotic used against certain serious Gram-positive infections.
125. Which fixed-dose combination should be checked carefully against current national regulatory guidance before marketing or prescribing?
Answer: A. Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
Explanation: Regulatory status of fixed-dose combinations can change. Students should verify current Nepal DDA notices and regulations rather than relying only on old MCQ material.
Tuberculosis and Public Health
126. Which diseases have historically been described as major social diseases because of their long-term public health and social impact?
Answer: D. Both A and B
Explanation: Tuberculosis and leprosy have historically had significant social, economic, and public health consequences.
127. The Mantoux test is related to the detection of exposure or immune response to:
Answer: A. Tuberculin
Explanation: The Mantoux tuberculin skin test measures a delayed hypersensitivity response to tuberculin.
128. Orange-red discoloration of body fluids may occur with:
Answer: C. Rifampicin
Explanation: Rifampicin can cause harmless orange-red discoloration of urine, tears, saliva, and other body fluids.
129. Optic neuritis is an important adverse effect associated with:
Answer: A. Ethambutol
Explanation: Ethambutol may cause optic neuritis, including changes in visual acuity and color vision.
130. Pyridoxine supplementation is commonly given with:
Answer: C. Isoniazid
Explanation: Pyridoxine helps reduce the risk of isoniazid-associated peripheral neuropathy in appropriate patients.
131. Which antibiotic should generally not be taken together with dairy products because calcium can reduce absorption?
Answer: B. Tetracycline
Explanation: Calcium can form complexes with tetracyclines and reduce their absorption.
132. Peripheral neuropathy is associated with:
Answer: B. Isoniazid
Explanation: Isoniazid can cause peripheral neuropathy, particularly in susceptible patients.
133. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is classified as a:
Answer: C. Acid-fast bacillus
Explanation: Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a lipid-rich cell wall containing mycolic acids, producing acid-fast staining characteristics.
Pharmacy Profession and History
134. World Pharmacists Day is celebrated on:
Answer: C. September 25
Explanation: World Pharmacists Day is observed annually on September 25.
135. Who was the first Director General of the Department of Drug Administration according to traditional Nepal pharmacy history references?
Answer: B. Dr. Amir Bahadur Shrestha
Explanation: This is an important historical pharmacy question frequently included in Nepal pharmacy examination materials.
136. The certificate-level pharmacy program at TU/IOM started in:
Answer: B. 1972 AD
Explanation: Pharmacy education history is an important part of Nepal Pharmacy Council examination preparation.
137. The Diploma in Pharmacy program under CTEVT started in:
Answer: A. 2061 BS
Explanation: This is a commonly asked historical question related to pharmacy education in Nepal.
138. Which is recognized in pharmacy history material as an early private pharmaceutical industry in Nepal?
Answer: B. Chemidrug Laboratories
Explanation: Chemidrug Laboratories is widely referenced in Nepal pharmacy history as one of the earliest private pharmaceutical industries.
139. Chemidrug Laboratories was established in:
Answer: B. 2026 BS
Explanation: This is a commonly included Nepal pharmacy history question.
Nepal Drug Act and Pharmacy Jurisprudence
140. The Drug Act of Nepal is commonly referred to as the Drug Act:
Answer: B. 2035 BS
Explanation: The Drug Act 2035 is a fundamental law governing medicines in Nepal.
141. The Department of Drug Administration was initially established under the:
Answer: C. Ministry of Industry
Explanation: Questions about the historical administrative placement of the DDA are commonly included in pharmacy jurisprudence examinations.
142. The Department of Drug Administration was established in:
Answer: B. 2036 BS
Explanation: This is an important historical question for Nepal pharmacy examinations.
143. The pharmacy profession in Nepal is historically associated with early development at:
Answer: C. Banaspati Bibhag
Explanation: Historical development of pharmacy services in Nepal is commonly discussed in Nepal pharmacy education materials.
144. The Narcotic Drugs Control Act was promulgated in:
Answer: A. 2033 BS
Explanation: This is an important Nepal pharmaceutical jurisprudence question.
145. Who chairs the Drug Consultative Council according to traditional regulatory references?
Answer: A. Secretary of the Ministry of Health
Explanation: The Chief Drug Administrator has an important administrative role, while council composition should be verified using the current legislation.
146. Drug Registration Rules were published in:
Answer: B. 2038 BS
Explanation: Drug registration rules provide an important legal framework for medicine registration in Nepal.
147. Which schedule of the Drug Registration Rules 2038 is related to shop registration certificates?
Answer: D. Schedule 11
Explanation: Schedule-related questions are frequently asked in pharmaceutical jurisprudence examinations.
148. Drug inquiry and inspection regulations were formed in:
Answer: C. 2041 BS
Explanation: These regulations provide a legal basis for medicine inquiry and inspection activities.
149. The Code on Drug Sales and Distribution was published in:
Answer: A. 2070 BS
Explanation: This is an important regulatory history question for examination preparation.
150. Nepal Pharmacy Council was established under the Nepal Pharmacy Council Act:
Answer: C. 2058 BS
Explanation: The Nepal Pharmacy Council Act was enacted in 2057 BS, while the Council's establishment is commonly cited separately in examination materials.
151. The term of office of members of the Nepal Pharmacy Council is:
Answer: B. 4 years
Explanation: Council membership terms are governed by the applicable Nepal Pharmacy Council legislation and regulations.
152. Which chapter of the Nepal Pharmacy Council Act 2057 relates to name registration?
Answer: B. Chapter 3
Explanation: Name registration is an important regulatory function of the Nepal Pharmacy Council.
153. The minimum qualification commonly referenced for the chairperson of Nepal Pharmacy Council is:
Answer: C. B.Pharm + 10 years' experience
Explanation: Students should verify the current legal text because eligibility provisions may be amended.
154. Nepal Pharmacy Council conducted the first name-registration licensing examination in:
Answer: A. 2071 BS
Explanation: This is a commonly asked historical examination question.
155. Nepal's National Drug Policy was published in:
Answer: B. 2051 BS
Explanation: The National Drug Policy 1995 is an important policy document for pharmaceutical practice in Nepal.
156. Which section of the National Drug Policy 1995 relates to the prudent use of antibiotics?
Answer: B. 4.3.2
Explanation: Rational and prudent antibiotic use is an important component of national medicine policy and antimicrobial stewardship.
157. The Consumer Protection Act was originally published in:
Answer: B. 2054 BS
Explanation: Students should distinguish older legislation from newer replacement laws and amendments.
158. Which code is commonly referred to as the GMP code of Nepal?
Answer: B. Drug Manufacturing Code
Explanation: Good Manufacturing Practice principles are addressed through pharmaceutical manufacturing requirements.
159. Which section of the Drug Act 2035 is related to drug price fixing?
Answer: C. Section 26
Explanation: Drug price regulation is an important part of pharmaceutical jurisprudence.
160. Which authority is responsible for regulating or prohibiting drug items according to Nepal's legal framework?
Answer: A. Government of Nepal through authorized mechanisms
Explanation: Regulatory decisions are made through legal government and drug regulatory processes.
Drug Regulation and Inspection
161. Which activity is NOT generally listed as a core element in the preamble of the Drug Act?
Answer: C. Clinical trial
Explanation: The Act addresses several aspects of medicine regulation, while examination questions often distinguish the wording of the preamble from later legal provisions.
162. Which section of the Drug Act 2035 deals with clinical trials?
Answer: B. Section 32
Explanation: Students should verify section numbers from the latest official version of the Act before examinations.
163. If a medicine fails to meet required standards of safety, efficacy, or quality, the relevant provision for action against such a product is covered under:
Answer: B. Section 14
Explanation: Quality, safety, and efficacy requirements are central principles of medicine regulation.
164. How many major licenses or certificates may be required for a domestic manufacturer before legally marketing a medicine?
Answer: B. 3
Explanation: Manufacturing authorization, product registration, and other regulatory documentation may be required depending on the applicable legal framework.
165. Which section of the Drug Act 2035 deals with categorization of drugs?
Answer: B. Section 17
Explanation: Drug categorization is an important regulatory topic for pharmacy licensing examinations.
166. Drug classes and subclasses are specified through:
Answer: B. Drug Standard Regulation
Explanation: Regulations provide detailed standards and classifications that support implementation of the Act.
167. The Nepal Medical Council Act was published in:
Answer: A. 2020 BS
Explanation: This is a historical regulatory question relevant to health-professional councils in Nepal.
168. The initial validity period of a shop registration certificate is commonly stated as:
Answer: A. 3 years
Explanation: Renewal requirements should be verified against current regulations because legal requirements may change.
169. The validity period of Nepal Pharmacy Council name registration is:
Answer: A. 5 years
Explanation: Registration and renewal requirements should always be checked against the current official rules.
170. Prohibition of misuse and abuse of drugs is addressed under:
Answer: C. Section 20
Explanation: Preventing misuse and abuse is an important objective of pharmaceutical legislation.
171. Which qualification is generally NOT sufficient by itself to work as an officially appointed drug analyst?
Answer: A. Diploma in Pharmacy
Explanation: Drug analyst eligibility is determined by statutory qualifications and experience requirements.
172. Which qualification is generally NOT sufficient by itself for appointment as a drug inspector?
Answer: D. BSc Chemistry
Explanation: Drug inspector eligibility depends on qualifications specifically recognized by the relevant laws and regulations.
173. Penalties for manufacturing or distributing adulterated, expired, or prohibited medicines depend on:
Answer: A. The nature and severity of the offence
Explanation: Legal penalties depend on the specific offence and applicable legislation.
174. Drug inspectors may conduct inspections:
Answer: D. According to the legal authority provided by the Act
Explanation: Inspection powers should be interpreted according to current legislation rather than simplified historical MCQ wording.
175. Which of the following is NOT traditionally listed as a principal topic of the Drug Act?
Answer: A. Patient rights
Explanation: The Drug Act focuses primarily on regulation of medicines, including standards, registration, manufacture, distribution, and related activities.
176. The Government of Nepal has the power to make rules under the Drug Act through the relevant rule-making provision.
Answer: Refer to the current official Drug Act.
Explanation: Legal section numbers should be verified from the latest official consolidated legislation before publishing or using them for examination preparation.
177. The Government's power to prohibit the sale, distribution, import, or export of particular drugs is governed by the Drug Act.
Answer: Refer to the current official Drug Act.
Explanation: Because legal provisions may be amended, official legislation should be used to confirm exact section numbers.
178. Section 24 of the Drug Act addresses procedures related to drug samples and regulatory analysis.
Answer: Refer to the official Act for the exact wording.
Explanation: Legal interpretation should always use the official version of the legislation.
179. The powers of drug inspectors are defined under the Drug Act and associated regulations.
Answer: Verify the current section number from official legislation.
Explanation: This is preferable to publishing an outdated section number without checking the latest legal text.
180. Drug registration is required before medicines are legally marketed according to applicable regulatory provisions.
Answer: Verify the current section from the official Drug Act.
Explanation: Product registration is a key regulatory requirement for medicines intended for the market.
Pharmacy History and Pharmaceutical Organizations
181. Who may legally sell and distribute medicines depends on professional qualification and regulatory authorization.
Answer: Depends on the applicable legal authorization and license.
Explanation: Professional qualification alone may not determine legal authority to sell or distribute medicines; registration and licensing requirements also apply.
182. Bir Hospital was established around:
Answer: A. 1889/1890 AD
Explanation: Bir Hospital is one of Nepal's oldest and most historically significant hospitals.
183. Who is widely recognized in Nepal pharmacy history as the first pharmacist of Nepal?
Answer: B. Purna Prasad Lamsal
Explanation: This is a frequently asked question in Nepal pharmacy history materials.
184. Which university initiated the Bachelor of Pharmacy program in Nepal?
Answer: A. Kathmandu University
Explanation: Kathmandu University played an important role in the development of university-level pharmacy education in Nepal.
185. Which university has historically not been known for offering a pharmacy course?
Answer: C. Nepal Open University
Explanation: Program availability can change over time, so students should verify current university offerings.
186. Nepal Pharmaceutical Association was established in:
Answer: B. 1972 AD
Explanation: The Nepal Pharmaceutical Association is an important professional organization in Nepal's pharmacy sector.
187. The Association of Pharmaceutical Producers of Nepal was established in:
Answer: B. 1990 AD
Explanation: APPON represents pharmaceutical manufacturers and plays an important role in Nepal's pharmaceutical industry.
188. Nepal Drug Limited has historical roots connected with Royal Drug Limited and was established around:
Answer: B. 2025 BS
Explanation: This is an important historical question relating to Nepal's pharmaceutical manufacturing sector.
189. The Drug Act was first amended in:
Answer: C. 2045 BS
Explanation: Amendment history is a frequently tested topic in pharmaceutical jurisprudence.
Pharmaceutics and Dosage Forms
190. Which dosage form is generally most susceptible to chemical degradation?
Answer: D. Solution
Explanation: Drugs in solution are already dissolved and may be more susceptible to hydrolysis and other degradation reactions.
191. Which dosage form is a hydroalcoholic preparation?
Answer: C. Elixir
Explanation: Elixirs are clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic oral liquid preparations.
192. Which liquid dosage form is administered through the rectal route?
Answer: A. Enema
Explanation: An enema is a liquid preparation introduced into the rectum for therapeutic, diagnostic, or cleansing purposes.
193. Suppositories are NOT normally inserted into the:
Answer: C. Oral cavity
Explanation: Suppositories are generally designed for rectal, vaginal, or urethral administration depending on the formulation.
194. Which excipient improves powder flow during tablet manufacturing?
Answer: C. Glidant
Explanation: Glidants improve powder flow and help material move more easily during manufacturing.
For a detailed explanation of pharmaceutical excipients, you can read:
Excipients in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Types and Functions
195. Which excipient can act as both a binder and a disintegrant depending on its use?
Answer: A. Starch
Explanation: Starch can function as a binder when used as a paste and can also promote tablet disintegration.
196. Which material can be used to increase the viscosity of pharmaceutical preparations?
Answer: B. Purified polysaccharides
Explanation: Polysaccharides such as cellulose derivatives and natural gums can act as viscosity-enhancing agents.
197. Which dosage form must generally be sterile?
Answer: B. Injection
Explanation: Parenteral products must meet strict sterility requirements because they bypass normal body defense barriers.
198. Which dosage form should generally be sterile and appropriately formulated for ocular comfort and safety?
Answer: B. Eye drops
Explanation: Ophthalmic preparations must generally be sterile. Appropriate tonicity and pH can improve patient comfort.
199. Which equation is commonly used to calculate the pH of a buffer system?
Answer: A. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
Explanation: The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates pH to the ratio of conjugate base and weak acid in a buffer system.
200. Which pharmacopoeia should be verified against Nepal's current list of officially recognized pharmacopoeias before examination or regulatory use?
Answer: Verify using the latest Nepal drug regulatory requirements.
Explanation: Officially recognized pharmacopoeias can be updated through regulatory decisions. Students should consult current DDA standards rather than rely only on older MCQ material.
Important Study Tips
When preparing for the Nepal Pharmacy Council examination, focus on understanding the concept behind every answer. Important areas covered in this article include:
- Beta-lactam antibiotics
- Tetracyclines and aminoglycosides
- Anti-tuberculosis medicines
- Antimicrobial adverse effects
- Nepal pharmacy history
- Drug Act and pharmaceutical jurisprudence
- Pharmacy organizations
- Pharmaceutical dosage forms
- Excipients
- Sterility and ophthalmic preparations
- Buffer systems
For additional practice, read our Nepal Pharmacy Council Website Model Questions with Answers – Part 1.
You can also continue with Nepal Pharmacy Council Website Model Questions with Answers – Part 2.
For pharmaceutical jurisprudence preparation, read:
Important Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence MCQs for Nepal Pharmacy Council Exam
For pharmaceutical industry and Quality Control knowledge, you may also find this article useful:
Quality Control Tests of Tablets in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Conclusion
These 100 questions provide useful revision material for pharmacy students preparing for the Nepal Pharmacy Council licensing examination. Understanding the scientific and legal principles behind each answer is more valuable than memorizing answers alone.
Because medicine regulations, treatment guidelines, and official policies can change, students should always verify important legal section numbers, regulatory requirements, and current clinical recommendations using official and updated sources.
References
- Katzung BG. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.
- Rang HP, Ritter JM, Flower RJ, Henderson G. Rang and Dale's Pharmacology.
- Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.
- Tripathi KD. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology.
- Standard pharmaceutics textbooks.
- Nepal Drug Act and associated regulations.
- Nepal Pharmacy Council Act and relevant regulations.
- Current guidance and notices issued by Nepal's drug regulatory authorities.
Disclaimer
This article is intended for educational and examination-preparation purposes only. It is not an official Nepal Pharmacy Council examination paper. Historical facts and legal provisions should be verified using current official sources because regulations and requirements may change over time.
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