World glaucoma is celebrated from March 12 to 18. During this period, it is celebrated by spreading awareness among common people about glaucoma. Even in Nepal, eye treatment hospitals, doctors, and health workers involved in its treatment have been celebrated by spreading awareness about glaucoma. In this context, let's talk about the glaucoma disease.
What is glaucoma?
Glaucoma (Jalbindu) is a major eye disease that causes blindness. It is the second or third cause of blindness in Nepal and the world. It is a disease caused by increased eye pressure. Eye pressure should be 10 to 20 mmHg. The eye contains water called aqueous humor. Its functions are many. If the balance of its formation and exit is not met and it does not flow properly, the eye stretch will increase. In this way, when the pressure increases, it affects the vision of the eyes. After affecting vision, it affects the peripheral vision area. The field of vision narrows the visual field. Decreases vision. Because of its narcotic effect, cataracts are also known as optic neuropathy. It became a disease of addiction.
What are the symptoms?
There are many types of glaucoma. Some people are born with dropsy. Apart from congenital cataracts that occur after puberty, they are commonly called open-angle glaucoma and close-angle glaucoma. Congenital water spots are found to be very rare. It is estimated that this happens to one in 10,000 people. Primary open-angle glaucoma is found in 1 to 2 percent of the total population in different parts of the world. It is the most common. However, its symptoms are the same. Jalbindu is also known as Drishtichor.
At first, there are no symptoms of this disease. Eye pressure is increasing. Regular eye examination is very rare. It may be known only after it has been greatly affected. At first, nothing happens. Later, when it starts to affect a lot, some people get headaches, reduced vision while walking and driving, and even crash without seeing the obstacles on the right and left. When looking at the lights, it also has a colorful rainbow-like circle. If there is a person who wears glasses, the power of his glasses should be changed quickly. If the vision becomes dim, the angle closure has already occurred, and the symptoms of headache and vomiting are seen. Vision suddenly decreases, and eyes become red. Center vision is later affected.
What is the situation in Nepal?
No little research has been done to discover that there are so many patients with waterpox in Nepal. However, looking at the trend, 1 percent of the total population has water points. Among those who come to the hospital for treatment, there are also some number of congenital hydrops. But most of them are primarily open-angle glaucoma (P.O.A.G). This is followed by primary angle closure glaucoma. Patients of both these varieties come to the hospital. Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in Nepal after cataracts.
How is the treatment?
What happens is that the amount of damage to the eyes caused by this disease cannot be reversed. As much as the damage has been done when discovered, it will not be allowed to increase. It will start treatment so that it does not cause further harm. For this reason, the faster it is detected, the quicker the eyesight can be saved. It is usually seen in people over 40 years of age. People of that age should have their eyes checked regularly every 6-6 months or 1-1 year. By doing this, the water point is detected in time. Treatment is good.
Other factors that cause hydrops are health problems. People with diabetes, high blood pressure, long-term use of Storite, and thyroid problems are more likely to develop hydrops. People who worry more and people who are under stress are also more at risk of getting dropsy.
It is necessary to control these Rex factors to reduce the risk of hydrops. This reduces the possibility of water spots. When it comes to treatment, it is necessary to operate as soon as possible after the diagnosis of congenital hydrops. The pressure had to be reduced first for the water point, which would occur later. Eye pressure is usually 10 to 20 mmHg, but it is 24-25. It was more than that.
After lowering the pressure, it avoids further affecting the vision of the eyes. To control it, eyedrops are initially used to treat it. If drops do not control it, it should be reduced by giving tablets, and if it is not controlled by intravenous injection. Suppose the corners of the eyes are closed. Treatment should be done by surgery. When it increases, it affects the nerves.
What kind of precautions should be taken by the patient with glaucoma?
After being diagnosed with this disease, regular tests should be done as the doctor prescribes. The field of vision is to look at what was first and what is now. You should also check how much eye pressure is under control and get information. It is also necessary to know how his symptoms are showing in the next one and whether it has improved from the first one or not. Regular follow-up and pressure control are its main precautions.
How to avoid this disease?
People with hydrops in their blood relations in the family are more at risk. In that case, you need to get tested to understand your condition. The risk of cataracts is also higher for those with minus power of the eye more than 6. It is a silent killer of vision, so the patient is also at risk of counseling. Angle-closure glaucoma can also occur suddenly. Lots of headaches
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